Resumo Soluções baseadas em análise de imagens são uma tendência crescente para melhorar a qualidade das sementes florestais. Este estudo teve como objetivo associar as informações obtidas por meio do processamento de imagens radiográficas com o potencial fisiológico de sementes de Anadenanthera peregrina. Dez lotes de sementes de diferentes matrizes foram submetidos à análise automatizada de raios X para obtenção de variáveis relacionadas à morfologia da semente e integridade dos tecidos. Em seguida, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao potencial fisiológico por meio das variáveis germinação, plântulas normais, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento de plântulas, índice de uniformidade e índice de vigor. Os resultados mostraram que houve relação entre as variáveis obtidas com a análise radiográfica e as do potencial fisiológico das sementes. A maioria dos lotes com baixo potencial fisiológico apresentou menor densidade de tecido, circularidade e maior valor de assimetria positiva. A técnica de raios X pode ser considerada válida para estabelecer uma relação entre a qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes, porém, parece ser mais eficiente para identificar sementes com baixo potencial fisiológico.

Abstract Solutions based on image analysis are a growing trend towards improving the quality of forest seeds. This study aimed to associate the information obtained through the processing of radiographic images with the physiological potential of Anadenanthera peregrina seeds. Ten seed lots from different mother trees were submitted to automated X-ray analysis to obtain variables related to seed morphology and tissue integrity. Then, the seeds were evaluated for their physiological potential through the variables germination, normal seedlings, germination speed index (GSI), seedling length, uniformity index, and vigor index. The results showed that there was a relationship between the variables obtained with the X-ray analysis and those of the physiological potential of the seeds. Most of the lots with low physiological potential had lower tissue density, circularity, and a higher positive skewness value. The X-ray technique can be considered valid to establish a relationship between the physical and physiological quality of seeds, however, it seems to be more efficient to identify seeds with low physiological potential.

Resumo O estudo tem por objetivo identificar elementos precipitadores/intensificadores da violência conjugal em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, tendo a busca sido realizada no mês de maio de 2020. Utilizou-se a plataforma PubCovid-19, a qual está indexada na Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos (PubMed) e no Banco de dados Excerpta Medica (EMBASE). Para a realização da busca foram utilizados os seguintes descritores em inglês: “Domestic violente”; “Covid-19” e “Intimate Partner Violence”. Foram selecionados nove artigos para leitura na íntegra. A partir da exploração do material selecionado, foram elaboradas três categorias empíricas a saber: Instabilidade econômica, Uso/abuso de álcool e outras drogas e Enfraquecimento da rede de apoio da mulher. É importante que nesse contexto de pandemia, sejam ampliadas as redes de apoio à mulher em situação de violência conjugal, com destaque para o uso de tecnologias digitais como possíveis ferramentas para a triagem de casos de violência em tempos de pandemia.

Abstract The study aims to identify marital violence precipitating/intensifying elements during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a narrative review of the literature, and the search was carried out in May 2020. We employed the PubCovid-19 platform, which is indexed in the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Excerpta Medica (EMBASE) database. English descriptors “Domestic violence”, “COVID-19”, and “Intimate Partner Violence” were used in the search, and nine papers were selected for full-text reading. Three empirical categories were elaborated from the exploration of the selected material: Economic instability, Alcohol and other drugs use/abuse, and Weaker women’s support network. Support networks for women in situations of marital violence should be expanded in this pandemic context, with emphasis on the use of digital technologies as possible tools for screening pandemic-related violence cases.

Resumo Este artigo examina o contexto e as implicações da pandemia por Covid-19 na cidade de Belo Horizonte (BH) nos primeiros 80 dias da doença. Utilizamos um recorte analítico descritivo para mensurar a evolução dos casos, o excesso de óbitos, a taxa de transmissibilidade do vírus e a pressão da doença sobre o sistema de saúde de BH e região, através da taxa de ocupação hospitalar nos leitos públicos. Além disso, identificamos as principais políticas de contenção adotadas pelas autoridades locais, bem como as implicações da redução do distanciamento social. Nossos resultados demonstram que o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), bem gerido, é fundamental para o enfrentamento da pandemia e a mitigação de suas consequências para a população. O processo de flexibilização que se inicia tem imposto novos desafios que requererão monitoramento atento das autoridades e da sociedade.

Abstract The paper examines the implications of Covid-19 pandemic for the city of Belo Horizonte (BH), during the first 80 days of the disease. We use a descriptive-analytical approach to estimate the growth of Covid-19 cases over time, the excess of deaths, the virus’ rate of transmissibility, and the consequent burden on the municipal the health system, measured by the rate of occupancy of public hospital beds. Also, we identify the main containment policies adopted by local authorities, and the implications of reopening measures and the following reduction of social distancing. Our findings reveal that a well-managed Unified Health System (SUS) is paramount to effectively tackle the pandemic and its consequences for the population. The reopening process has imposed new challenges that will require close monitoring by the authorities and by the society.

RESUMO: Introdução: Má higiene bucal, uso regular de enxaguante bucal e ausência de visitas ao dentista podem corresponder a potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Determinar se a higiene bucal está associada à ocorrência de câncer em cavidade oral e cabeça e pescoço em uma amostra brasileira. Método: O estudo caso controle analisou variáveis de higiene bucal, como frequência de escovação, perda dentária, necessidade e uso de prótese e visita regular ao dentista em pacientes de cinco hospitais do estado de São Paulo, pareados por sexo e idade, provenientes do projeto multicêntrico Genoma do Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço (GENCAPO). Resultados: As neoplasias mais frequentes nos 899 pacientes incluídos foram: bordo de língua (11,41%) e base de língua (10,92%). A análise estatística múltipla encontrou os seguintes valores de odds ratio: escovar uma vez 0,33 (IC95% 0,25 - 0,44); escovar duas vezes 0,42 (IC95% 0,35 - 0,52); uso de fio dental sempre 0,19 (IC95% 0,13 - 0,27); uso de fio dental às vezes 0,19 (IC95% 0,15 - 0,24); sangramento 2,40 (IC95% 1,40 - 4,09); prótese 1,99 (IC95% 1,54 - 2,56), visita ao dentista 0,29 (IC95% 0,22 - 0,37); boa higiene 0,21 (IC95% 0,17 - 0,27); higiene regular 0,20 (IC95% 0,15 - 0,25); e número de dentes ausentes (6 ou mais) 3,30 (IC95% 2,67 - 4,08). Conclusões: Esses dados mostraram que, na população estudada, indicadores de boa higiene, como escovar os dentes e uso do fio dental, foram fatores de proteção para o câncer de boca e cabeça e pescoço, enquanto sangramento e muitos dentes ausentes foram fatores de risco.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Poor oral hygiene, regular use of mouthwash and absence of visits to the dentist could correspond to potential risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether oral hygiene is associated with the occurrence of oral cavity and head and neck cancer in a Brazilian sample. Method: The variables of oral hygiene condition, such as toothbrushing frequency, dental loss, need and use of prosthesis, and regular visit to the dentist in a case-control study were analyzed in patients from five hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, paired by gender and age, from the multicenter project Genoma do Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço (GENCAPO). Results: The most frequent malignancies in the 899 patients included were those of the tongue border (11.41%) and tongue base (10.92%). The multivariable statistical analysis found odds ratio values: Brushing once 0.33 (95%CI 0.25 - 0.44); Brushing twice 0.42 (95%CI 0.35 - 0.52); Flossing always 0.19 (95%CI 0.13 - 0.27); Flossing sometimes 0.19 (95%CI 0.15 - 0.24); Bleeding 2.40 (95%CI 1.40 - 4.09); Prosthesis 1.99 (95%CI 1.54 - 2.56); Visiting the dentist 0.29 (95%CI 0.22 - 0.37); Good hygiene 0.21 (95%CI 0.17 - 0.27); Regular hygiene 0.20 (95%CI 0.15 - 0.25); number of missing teeth (6 or more) 3.30 (95%CI 2.67 - 4.08). Conclusion: These data showed that, in the population studied, indicators of good hygiene such as brushing teeth and flossing were protective factors for mouth and head and neck cancer, while bleeding and many missing teeth were risk factors.

RESUMO: Introdução: Má higiene bucal, uso regular de enxaguante bucal e ausência de visitas ao dentista podem corresponder a potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Determinar se a higiene bucal está associada à ocorrência de câncer em cavidade oral e cabeça e pescoço em uma amostra brasileira. Método: O estudo caso controle analisou variáveis de higiene bucal, como frequência de escovação, perda dentária, necessidade e uso de prótese e visita regular ao dentista em pacientes de cinco hospitais do estado de São Paulo, pareados por sexo e idade, provenientes do projeto multicêntrico Genoma do Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço (GENCAPO). Resultados: As neoplasias mais frequentes nos 899 pacientes incluídos foram: bordo de língua (11,41%) e base de língua (10,92%). A análise estatística múltipla encontrou os seguintes valores de odds ratio: escovar uma vez 0,33 (IC95% 0,25 - 0,44); escovar duas vezes 0,42 (IC95% 0,35 - 0,52); uso de fio dental sempre 0,19 (IC95% 0,13 - 0,27); uso de fio dental às vezes 0,19 (IC95% 0,15 - 0,24); sangramento 2,40 (IC95% 1,40 - 4,09); prótese 1,99 (IC95% 1,54 - 2,56), visita ao dentista 0,29 (IC95% 0,22 - 0,37); boa higiene 0,21 (IC95% 0,17 - 0,27); higiene regular 0,20 (IC95% 0,15 - 0,25); e número de dentes ausentes (6 ou mais) 3,30 (IC95% 2,67 - 4,08). Conclusões: Esses dados mostraram que, na população estudada, indicadores de boa higiene, como escovar os dentes e uso do fio dental, foram fatores de proteção para o câncer de boca e cabeça e pescoço, enquanto sangramento e muitos dentes ausentes foram fatores de risco.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Poor oral hygiene, regular use of mouthwash and absence of visits to the dentist could correspond to potential risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether oral hygiene is associated with the occurrence of oral cavity and head and neck cancer in a Brazilian sample. Method: The variables of oral hygiene condition, such as toothbrushing frequency, dental loss, need and use of prosthesis, and regular visit to the dentist in a case-control study were analyzed in patients from five hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, paired by gender and age, from the multicenter project Genoma do Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço (GENCAPO). Results: The most frequent malignancies in the 899 patients included were those of the tongue border (11.41%) and tongue base (10.92%). The multivariable statistical analysis found odds ratio values: Brushing once 0.33 (95%CI 0.25 - 0.44); Brushing twice 0.42 (95%CI 0.35 - 0.52); Flossing always 0.19 (95%CI 0.13 - 0.27); Flossing sometimes 0.19 (95%CI 0.15 - 0.24); Bleeding 2.40 (95%CI 1.40 - 4.09); Prosthesis 1.99 (95%CI 1.54 - 2.56); Visiting the dentist 0.29 (95%CI 0.22 - 0.37); Good hygiene 0.21 (95%CI 0.17 - 0.27); Regular hygiene 0.20 (95%CI 0.15 - 0.25); number of missing teeth (6 or more) 3.30 (95%CI 2.67 - 4.08). Conclusion: These data showed that, in the population studied, indicators of good hygiene such as brushing teeth and flossing were protective factors for mouth and head and neck cancer, while bleeding and many missing teeth were risk factors.

Resumo: Introdução: A comunidade surda representa uma importante parcela da população brasileira que enfrenta inúmeras barreiras na acessibilidade à saúde. Falhas de comunicação aumentam as chances de diagnósticos equivocados, erros de prontuário, constrangimentos, não adesão ao tratamento, sofrimento e insatisfação do usuário. Este estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar os atendimentos de saúde aos surdos, na perspectiva dos profissionais médicos, dos internos de Medicina e dos próprios usuários, e discutir as estratégias desenvolvidas na interlocução e interação médico-paciente e as ferramentas para o aprimoramento da prática médica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, com análise integrada de conteúdo. Participaram da pesquisa 181 indivíduos que foram divididos em três grupos: profissionais médicos (n = 46), graduandos de Medicina da quinta e sexta séries (n = 54) e indivíduos surdos (n = 81). Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos semiestruturados: um para médicos e internos e outro para surdos. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva das variáveis quantitativas com distribuições percentuais para variáveis categóricas e medida de tendência central e dispersão para variáveis numéricas. As respostas das questões dissertativas foram organizadas em três corpus textuais relacionados ao sentimento dos profissionais médicos, internos e surdos durante o atendimento. Em seguida, o material foi submetido à análise lexicográfica com auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ. Resultado: Dentre os médicos e acadêmicos, 76% afirmaram que já atenderam um paciente com surdez grave parcial ou severa. Embora 49% dos surdos tenham afirmado que já sentiram algum desconforto e também alguma segurança no atendimento, 55,5% mencionaram que já deixaram de ir ao médico por medo de não serem compreendidos ou relataram algum problema, como dor, desconforto ou angústia. A participação de acompanhantes como mediadores da relação médico-paciente foi a estratégia mais apontada por todos os participantes. Entre os entrevistados surdos, outras estratégias frequentes mencionadas foram leitura labial e Libras; no caso dos médicos, mímica e escrita; em relação aos internos, leitura labial e escrita. Todas as estratégias não são resolutivas. Conclusão: As percepções dos diferentes atores da interação médico-paciente analisados mostraram diferença de satisfação com o serviço e riscos à saúde dos surdos, o que significa que falta planejamento multimodal com estratégias de comunicação efetivas.

Abstract: Introduction: The deaf community represents a significant portion of the Brazilian population that faces numerous barriers in access to health care. Communication failures increase the chances of misdiagnosis, errors in medical records, embarrassment, non-adherence to treatment, suffering and user dissatisfaction. The study aimed to characterize health care for deaf people from the perspective of medical professionals, medical interns and the patients themselves, discussing the strategies developed in the dialogue and physician-patient interaction, and the tools for the improvement of medical practice. Method: An observational, descriptive study based on integrated content analysis. A sample of 181 participants divided into three groups: medical professionals (n=46), medical students from the fifth and sixth year (n=54) and deaf individuals (n=81). Two semi-structured instruments were used, one for doctors and interns and one for the deaf. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative variables was performed with percentage distributions for categorical variables and measure of central tendency and dispersion for numerical variables. The answers to the essay questions were organized into three groups of texts and the material was submitted to lexicographic analysis with the support of IRaMuTeQ software. Results: 76% of doctors and academics said they had already treated a patient with severe or partial deafness. Although 49% reported discomfort, but also feeling secure when treating deaf patients, 55.5% of the deaf said they had already stopped going to the doctor, or reporting any problems, such as pain, discomfort or anguish, for fear of not being understood. The participation of caregivers as mediators of the doctor-patient relationship was the most frequent communicational strategy pointed out by all participants. Other frequent strategies identified by the deaf interviewees were lip reading and LIBRAS; by the doctors, mime and writing; and by the interns, lip reading and writing; all of which are non-resolving strategies. Conclusions: The perceptions of the different actors of the doctor-patient interaction analyzed showed differences in satisfaction with the service and health risks for the deaf, lacking multimodal planning with effective communication strategies.

Resumo O estudo tem por objetivo identificar elementos precipitadores/intensificadores da violência conjugal em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, tendo a busca sido realizada no mês de maio de 2020. Utilizou-se a plataforma PubCovid-19, a qual está indexada na Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos (PubMed) e no Banco de dados Excerpta Medica (EMBASE). Para a realização da busca foram utilizados os seguintes descritores em inglês: “Domestic violente”; “Covid-19” e “Intimate Partner Violence”. Foram selecionados nove artigos para leitura na íntegra. A partir da exploração do material selecionado, foram elaboradas três categorias empíricas a saber: Instabilidade econômica, Uso/abuso de álcool e outras drogas e Enfraquecimento da rede de apoio da mulher. É importante que nesse contexto de pandemia, sejam ampliadas as redes de apoio à mulher em situação de violência conjugal, com destaque para o uso de tecnologias digitais como possíveis ferramentas para a triagem de casos de violência em tempos de pandemia.

Abstract The study aims to identify marital violence precipitating/intensifying elements during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a narrative review of the literature, and the search was carried out in May 2020. We employed the PubCovid-19 platform, which is indexed in the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Excerpta Medica (EMBASE) database. English descriptors “Domestic violence”, “COVID-19”, and “Intimate Partner Violence” were used in the search, and nine papers were selected for full-text reading. Three empirical categories were elaborated from the exploration of the selected material: Economic instability, Alcohol and other drugs use/abuse, and Weaker women’s support network. Support networks for women in situations of marital violence should be expanded in this pandemic context, with emphasis on the use of digital technologies as possible tools for screening pandemic-related violence cases.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate productive performance and egg quality of Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica) fed with synthetic and natural pigments. The treatments used were: 0.8% paprika extract (Capsicum annuum), 0.8% marigold flower extract, 4% paprika extract and 4% marigold flower extract and 0.045% synthetic pigment (Canthaxanthin) in feed. A total of 240 Japanese quails at 20 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and six replicates, with eight quails per experimental unit (30 experimental units). There was no difference (p > 0.05) for the evaluated parameters, except for yolk color which showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treatments used. The inclusion of 0.8% natural pigments in diet of Japanese quails can be used to substitute canthaxathin because it is effective on improving yolk color without affect performance and the quails egg quality.

Abstract Oral mucositis is a painful condition that occurs in patients who have undergone haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) and has a huge impact on their quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are associated with oral health quality of life among patients who underwent HSCT. A. C. Camargo Cancer Center patients were evaluated over 20 months at 4 different time-points: a) at patient admission (M1); b) on the day of infusion of HSC (M2); c) 12 and 20 days after the first day of the conditioning regimen for autologous and allogeneic transplantation, respectively (M3); and d) 30 days after the first day of the conditioning regimen (M4). Mucositis clinical evaluations were performed using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Oral health quality of life was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14), Oral Mucositis Quality of Life (OMQoL) and Patient-Reported Oral Mucositis Symptom (PROMS) scales. Correlations between clinical data and quality of life scores were examined. STATA 11.0 was used to perform the statistical analyses (5% level of significance). Eighty-two patients participated in the study; 62.2% were male, 28.05% had multiple myeloma, and the mean age was 48.49 years (SD 13.76). Higher scores (worse quality of life) were observed as mucositis scores increased, but the results were not significant. The OMQoL had a high correlation with OHIP-14 (0.8377), but the correlation between the PROMS scale and the OHIP-14 was lower (0.6643). Higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with worse quality of life, according to all indices (p < 0.05). Oral mucositis was associated with quality of life scores (p < 0.01).

Abstract Background Tumor necrosis factor plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases such as gastric cancer, and an abnormal inflammatory response has frequently been observed in dyspeptic patients. Helicobacter pylori infection can induce a gastric mucosal inflammatory response that may be influenced by -308 (G > A) polymorphisms and gene expression of theTNF-α gene. Methods One hundred and thirty-four gastric biopsy samples were collected from patients of both genders (61♂ and 73♀, mean age 40.3 ± 24.2 years) with gastric symptoms. The -308 (G > A) polymorphism of TNF-α was characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The expression level was measured using real-time PCR, and relative quantification (RQ) was calculated using the comparative CT method (2-ΔΔCT). Results The analysis revealed an increase in TNF-α gene expression in patients with gastritis; on the other hand, no statistical differences were observed in patients with gastric cancer. In addition, no association was found among -308 polymorphism genotypes, virulence markers, or TNF-α gene expression. Conclusions Helicobacter pylori induces a large increase in TNF-α expression in patients with gastritis, regardless of tissue inflammation, but after the tissue becomes neoplastic, the presence of bacteria did not influence expression. These results suggest that the TNF-α pathway may play an important role in the progression from gastritis to gastric cancer

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is frequently reported in Pan-Amazonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of alphaviruses during a dengue outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Serum samples from dengue-suspected patients were subjected to multiplex semi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for 11 flaviviruses and five alphaviruses, to nucleotide sequencing and to viral isolation. MAYV was detected in 15 (2.5%) of 604 patients. Twelve were co-infected with dengue virus 4, which was isolated from 10 patients. The molecular detection of MAYV in dengue-suspected patients suggests that other arboviruses may be silently circulating during dengue outbreaks in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: Cisto dentígero é um cisto odontogênico de desenvolvimento cuja abordagem terapêutica depende do tamanho da lesão. A proposta desse relato foi descrever o tratamento realizado em um paciente do gênero masculino de 14 anos de idade portador de cisto dentígero envolvendo o segundo molar permanente inferior esquerdo. RELATO DE CASO: Foi realizada a exodontia do primeiro molar permanente inferior esquerdo e a lesão foi descomprimida e marsupializada através de um dreno de acrílico suturado na mucosa. O espécime retirado durante o ato cirúrgico confirmou o diagnóstico de cisto dentígero. Após 90 dias, houve diminuição significativa da lesão. Em seguida, iniciou‑se o tratamento ortodôntico, que incluiu o tracionamento do dente impactado e a abertura de um espaço adequado com um aparelho fixo, proporcionando alinhamento e nivelamento favoráveis. CONCLUSÃO: A marsupialização e o tracionamento ortodôntico devem ser considerados quando se planeja o tratamento de cisto dentígero, principalmente em pacientes jovens com lesões extensas, a fim de preservar estruturas nobres adjacentes à lesão.

INTRODUCTION: The dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst, whose therapeutic approach depends on the size of the lesion. This paper describes the treatment performed on a 14-year-old male patient who presented with a large dentigerous cyst on the permanent mandibular left second molar. CASE REPORT: The permanent mandibular left first molar was extracted, and the lesion was decompressed and marsupialized by excision of the overlying mucosa, opening a window into the cystic cavity and suturing an acrylic resin drain to the oral mucosa. The specimen removed during surgery confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst. Within ninety days of surgery, there was a significant reduction in lesion size. Orthodontic treatment was then started, and included traction of the impacted tooth and opening of adequate space with a fixed appliance, providing favorable tooth alignment and leveling. CONCLUSION: Marsupialization and orthodontic traction should be considered when planning the treatment of a dentigerous cyst, mainly in young patients with large lesions, to avoid damage to the surrounding structures.